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Vecepia Towery

Vecepia Towery

Vecepia Towery (born December 9, 1965) won $1,000,000 on the Marquesas edition of Survivor, the first black contestant to win a series of the game. Vecepia began the game as a member of the Maraamu tribe, which had the misfortune of losing the first three immunity challenges. After this occurred, a random tribal swap occurred, transferring her, Rob Mariano, and Sean Rector, to the Rotu tribe. While none of them were voted out during their stay at Rotu (they were promised an alliance with the remaining Rotu members), a tribal merge occurred during episode 7, and Rob was voted out due to his excessive scheming. Vecepia and Sean seemed to be the next ones to go, until three of the old Rotu members realized that they would eventually be voted out as well. Vee and Sean convinced them to ally with them,creating a cross-tribal alliance, which was successful in voting out the other Rotu members. After this point, the remaining five were Sean, Vecepia, Paschal English , Kathy Vavrick-O'Brien , and Neleh Dennis. The latter three, as former Rotu members, stuck together to vote out Sean, and once again Vecepia's days appeared to be numbered. As it happened, she won the next immunity challenge; the ensuing vote ended up in a tie, which was broken by the other three contestants drawing a rock from a bag; Paschal drew the purple rock, which meant that he would be "voted" out (as a consensus could not be reached). This is still considered one of the most controversial Survivor rules, though this situation has not come up again. Neleh won the final immunity challenge, bringing Vecepia to the final two. Here, the two faced a jury that accused both of them of self-righteousness (although each had a couple of strong allies). In the end, Vecepia won the jury vote 4-3. It is possible that Vecepia may be Survivor's least popular winner to date. As an outspoken evangelical Christian her personality often made others uncomfortable, and she had few memorable or funny moments on the island. In fact, Towery did not even have a speaking part in a number of episodes, and was barely present for most of the season (Towery herself complained about her lack of airtime). Many fans believed that she was not deserving of the title of Sole Survivor, due to the fact that she ultimately won the show by listening to others' strategies rather than making her own. Some fans and commentators still believe that Neleh played a better game and only lost because three Rotu alliance members on the jury voted against her out of revenge. In addition, her betrayal of Kathy during the final immunity challenge to make a deal with Neleh (whom she and Kathy had agreed to vote out if one of them won) was largely deplored. This deal led to many accusations of hypocrisy. She was not asked to partake in Survivor: All Stars. While Survivor: Marquesas was still airing, Vecepia married longtime boyfriend and fiancé Leander Robinson. Robinson had made an appearance on the traditional episode where loved ones of the remaining Survivors came to visit. The birth of their child was later the subject of a TLC documentary, which also featured appearances by other Marquesas contestants, including Neleh (then married herself) and Sean. Towery, Vecepia Category:Survivor Towery, Vecepia

December 9

December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 22 days remaining.

Events


- 1425 - The Catholic University of Leuven is founded
- 1531 - First apparition of the Virgen Mary to Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin on Tepeyac Hill
- 1793 - New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster.
- 1824 - Battle of Ayacucho: Peruvian nationalists led by Antonio José de Sucre defeat Spanish colonial forces and secure the independence of Peru.
- 1835 - The Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.
- 1851 - The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal, Quebec.
- 1856 - The Iranian city of Bushehr surrenders to occupying British forces.
- 1861 - American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by the U.S. Congress.
- 1872 - In Louisiana, P. B. S. Pinchback becomes the first serving African-American governor of a U.S. state.
- 1888 - Statistician Herman Hollerith installs his self-designed computing device at the United States War Department.
- 1897 - Activist Marguerite Durand founds the feminist daily newspaper, La Fronde in Paris.
- 1905 - In France, the law separating church and state is passed.
- 1931 - The Constituent Cortes approves the constitution which establishes the Second Spanish Republic.
- 1937 - Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanjing - Japanese troops under the command of Lt. Gen. Asaka Yasuhiko launch an assault on the Chinese city of Nanjing.
- 1940 - World War II: Operation Compass - British and Indian troops under the command of Major-General Richard O'Connor attack Italian forces near Sidi Barrani in Egypt.
- 1941 - World War II: The Republic of China, Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and Cuba declare war on Germany and Japan.
- 1945 - General George S. Patton is injured in an automobile crash in occupied Germany. He dies twelve days later.
- 1946 - The "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" began with the "Doctors' Trial", prosecuting doctors alleged to be involved in human experimentation.
- 1950 - Harry Gold is sentenced to thirty years in jail for helping Klaus Fuchs pass information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union. His testimony is later instrumental in the prosecution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.
- 1953 - Red Scare: General Electric announces that all communist employees will be discharged from the company
- 1958 - Red Scare: The John Birch Society founded in the United States.
- 1960 - The first episode of ITV soap-opera Coronation Street is aired.
- 1961 - The trial of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Israel ends with him being found guilty of 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization.
- 1961 - Tanganyika becomes independent from Britain.
- 1968 - Douglas Engelbart publicly demonstrates his pioneering hypertext system, NLS, in San Francisco.
- 1982 - Activist Norman Mayer threatens to blow up the Washington Monument, before being killed by United States Park Police.
- 1987 - Israeli-Palestinian conflict: The First Intifada begins in the Gaza Strip and West Bank
- 1990 - Lech Wałęsa becomes the first directly elected president of Poland.
- 1992 - The separation of Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales is announced
- 2001 - Chris Jericho unifies the WWE Championship and WCW World Heavyweight Championship for the first time ever at WWE Vengeance.
- 2005 - The draw for the 2006 Football World Cup takes place in Leipzig, Germany.
- 2005 - The last regular Routemaster bus service in London, route 159, ends.

Births


- 1447 - Chenghua, Emperor of China (d. 1487)
- 1508 - Gemma Frisius, Dutch mathematician and cartographer (d. 1555)
- 1561 - Sir Edwin Sandys, British-born Virginian colonist (d. 1629)
- 1571 - Metius (Adriaan Adriaanszoon), Dutch mathematician and astronomer (d. 1635)
- 1579 - Martin de Porres, Peruvian saint (d. 1639)
- 1594 - King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (d. 1632)
- 1608 - John Milton, English poet (d. 1674)
- 1610 - Baldassare Ferri, Italian castrato (d. 1680)
- 1667 - William Whiston, English mathematician (d. 1752)
- 1748 - Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (d. 1822)
- 1842 - Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (d. 1921)
- 1850 - Emma Abbott, American soprano (d. 1891)
- 1868 - Fritz Haber, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1934)
- 1871 - Joe Kelley, American baseball player (d. 1943)
- 1876 - Berton Churchill, American actor (d. 1940)
- 1882 - Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (d. 1949)
- 1886 - Clarence Birdseye, American frozen food manufacturer (d. 1956)
- 1889 - Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish long-distance runner and Olympic gold medalist (d. 1966)
- 1897 - Hermione Gingold, British actress (d. 1987)
- 1898 - Emmett Kelly, American circus clown (d. 1979)
- 1899 - Jean de Brunhoff, French author (d. 1937)
- 1901 - Ödön von Horváth, Hungarian-born writer (d. 1938)
- 1901 - Jean Mermoz, French pilot (d. 1936)
- 1902 - Margaret Hamilton, American actress (d. 1985)
- 1905 - Dalton Trumbo, American writer (d. 1976)
- 1906 - Grace Murray Hopper, American computer pioneer (d. 1992)
- 1909 - Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., American actor (d. 2000)
- 1911 - Broderick Crawford, American actor (d. 1986)
- 1912 - Tip O'Neill, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1994)
- 1915 - Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German soprano
- 1916 - Kirk Douglas, American actor and film producer
- 1917 - James Rainwater, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- 1919 - William Lipscomb, American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate
- 1920 - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic
- 1922 - Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (d. 1991)
- 1926 - Henry Way Kendall, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
- 1926 - Jan Křesadlo, Czech writer (d. 1995)
- 1927 - Pierre Henry, French composer
- 1928 - Dick Van Patten, American actor
- 1929 - John Cassavetes, American actor and film director (d. 1989)
- 1929 - Bob Hawke, twenty-third Prime Minister of Australia
- 1930 - Buck Henry, American actor, comedian, writer, director, and producer
- 1931 - Ladislav Smoljak, Czech actor, director and humourist
- 1933 - Morton Downey Jr., American talk show host (d. 2001)
- 1934 - Dame Judi Dench British actress
- 1934 - Junior Wells, American blues harmonica player (d. 1998)
- 1937 - Darwin Joston, American actor (d. 1998)
- 1938 - Deacon Jones, American football player
- 1941 - Beau Bridges, American actor
- 1941 - Dan Hicks, American musician
- 1942 - Dick Butkus, American football player
- 1946 - Sonia Gandhi, Italian-born Indian politician, chair of the United Progressive Alliance
- 1946 - Walter Orange, American drummer (The Commodores)
- 1947 - Tom Daschle, American politician
- 1947 - Jaak Jõerüüt, Soviet-born Estonian politician
- 1950 - Joan Armatrading, West Indian-born British singer
- 1952 - Michael Dorn, American actor
- 1953 - John Malkovich, American actor
- 1957 - Donny Osmond, American singer and actor
- 1958 - Nick Seymour, Australian bassist (Crowded House)
- 1962 - Felicity Huffman, American actress
- 1964 - Paul Landers, German guitarist (Rammstein)
- 1967 - Joshua Bell, American violinist
- 1968 - Kurt Angle, American amateur and professional wrestler
- 1968 - Dave Harold, British snooker player
- 1968 - Brian Bell, American guitarist (Weezer)
- 1969 - Jakob Dylan, American singer and songwriter (The Wallflowers)
- 1969 - Bixente Lizarazu, French international footballer and World Cup winner
- 1972 - Tre Cool (Frank Edwin Wright III), German-born American drummer (Green Day)
- 1972 - Reiko Aylesworth, American actress
- 1972 - Fabrice Santoro, Tahitian-born French tennis player
- 1976 - Imogen Heap, British singer and songwriter
- 1981 - Diya Mirza, Indian actress

Deaths


- 1165 - King Malcolm IV of Scotland
- 1292 - Sheikh Saadi, great Persian sufi poet
- 1437 - Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1368)
- 1544 - Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet (b. 1491)
- 1565 - Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)
- 1603 - William Watson, English conspirator (b. 1559)
- 1625 - Ubbo Emmius, Dutch historian and geographer (b. 1547)
- 1636 - Fabian Birkowski, Polish writer (b. 1566)
- 1641 - Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (b. 1599)
- 1669 - Pope Clement IX (b. 1600)
- 1674 - Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English statesman and historian (b. 1609)
- 1692 - William Mountfort, English actor and dramatist
- 1706 - King Peter II of Portugal (b. 1648)
- 1718 - Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian cartographer and encylopaedist (b. 1650)
- 1793 - Gabrielle de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac, French aristocrat (b. 1749)
- 1798 - Johann Reinhold Forster, German botanist
- 1887 - Mahmadu Lamine, Senegalese marabout and miltary leader
- 1894 - Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician
- 1930 - Andrew "Rube" Foster, American baseball player and founder of the Negro National League
- 1937 - Nils Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
- 1964 - Dame Edith Sitwell, British poet and critic (b. 1887)
- 1965 - Branch Rickey, American baseball commissioner (b. 1884)
- 1970 - Sir Feroz Khan Noon, Prime Minister Pakistan
- 1971 - Ralph Bunche, American diplomat and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
- 1972 - Louella Parsons, American gossip columnist (b. 1881)
- 1984 - Nicholas "Razzle" Dingley, British drummer (Hanoi Rocks) (b. 1960)
- 1995 - Toni Cade Bambara, American author (b. 1939)
- 1996 - Mary Leakey, British archeologist and anthropologist (b. 1913)
- 1998 - Shaughnessy Cohen, Canadian politician (b. 1948)
- 1998 - Archie Moore, American boxer and World Light-Heavyweight Champion (b. 1913)
- 2002 - Stan Rice, American painter, educator, and poet (b. 1942)
- 2003 - Paul Simon, U.S. Senator from Illinois (b. 1928)
- 2004 - David Brudnoy, American radio personality (b. 1940)
- 2004 - Lea De Mae, Czech actress (b. 1976)
- 2005 - Robert Sheckley an American author (b. 1928)

Holidays and observances


- Calendar of saints:
  - Saint Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin : optional memorial
  - Peter Fourier, founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame
- Also see December 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics); specifically the conception of Saint Anne
- Scandinavia (specifically Sweden): Anna's Day. Recognizes everyone named Anna, and marks the day to start the preparation process of the lutefisk to be consumed on Christmas Eve.
- Tanzania - Independence Day (of Tanganyika from Britain, 1961)
- Anti - corruption day

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/9 BBC: On This Day] ---- December 8 - December 10 - November 9 - January 9 -- listing of all days ko:12월 9일 ms:9 Disember ja:12月9日 simple:December 9 th:9 ธันวาคม

1965

1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar).

Events

January-February

common year starting on Friday
- January 4 - United States President Lyndon Johnson proclaims his "Great Society" during his State of the Union address.
- January 12 - Bodies of two 15 year olds - Christine Sharrock and Marrine Schmidt - found at Wanda Beach, Sydney (Wanda Beach Murders)
- January 14 - Prime Ministers of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years
- January 24 - Winston Churchill dies at the age of 90.
- January 26 - Hindi becomes the official language of India.
- January 30 - Winston Churchill's funeral is held in London.
- February 6 - Sir Stanley Matthews plays his final First Division game, at the record age of 50 years and 5 days
- February 7 - US begins regular bombing of North Vietnamese towns and villages
- February 9 - Vietnam War: The first United States combat troops are sent to South Vietnam
- February 15 - A new red and white maple leaf design is adopted as the flag of Canada replacing the Union Flag and the Canadian Red Ensign.
- February 18 - The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom
- February 20 - Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.
- February 21 - Malcolm X is assassinated on the first day of National Brotherhood Week at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City by Black Muslims

March


- March 7 - Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama
- March 8 - Vietnam War: 3,500 United States Marines arrive in South Vietnam becoming the first American combat troops in Vietnam
- March 8 - First US combat forces arrive in Vietnam
- March 9 - Second march from Selma to Montgomery under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. stops at the bridge that was the site of Bloody Sunday to hold a prayer service and return to Selma in obedience to a court restraining order. White supremacists beat up white Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb later that day in Selma, Alabama.
- March 10 - Goldie, a London Zoo golden eagle is recaptured after 13 days of freedom
- March 11 - White Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb, beaten by White Supremacists in Selma, Alabama on March 9 following the second march from Selma, dies in a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama.
- March 18 - Cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space
- March 21 - Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes
- March 21 - Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. begin march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery
- March 23 - NASA launches Gemini III with the United States' first two-person crew into earth orbit (Gus Grissom and John Young).
- March 24- Mark "The Undertaker" Callaway, Professional Wrestler March 25 - Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. successfully end march from Selma, arriving at the capitol in Montgomery

April


- April 6 - Launch of Early Bird communications satellite. It becomes operational May 2 and is placed in commercial service in June.
- April 9 - The West German parliament extends the statute of limitations on Nazi war crimes. Also, in Houston, Texas, the Harris County Domed Stadium (or commonly known as Astrodome) was opened.
- April 11 - The Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak: An estimated fifty-one tornadoes (forty-seven confirmed) hit in six Midwestern states killing anywhere from 256 to 271 people and injuring some 1,500 more.
- April 14 - In Cold Blood killers Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, convicted of murdering four members of the Herbert Clutter family of Holcomb, Kansas, are executed by hanging at the Kansas State Penitentiary For Men in Lansing, Kansas.
- April 21 - NY World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, NY, reopens.
- April 23 - The Pennine Way officially opened.
- April 24 - Bodies of Portuguese opposition politician Humberto Delgado and his secretary Arajaris Campos are found in a forest near Villanueva del Fresno, Spain. They were killed February 12.
- April 24 - Fighting breaks out in the Dominican Republic as officers loyal to deposed President Juan Bosch lead a mutiny against the right wing junta running the country. US troops are later sent by President Lyndon B. Johnson "for the stated purpose of protecting US citizens and preventing an alleged Communist takeover of the country", thus thwarting the possibilty of "another Cuba".
- April 28 - Vietnam War: Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies announces that the country will substantially increase its number of troops in South Vietnam, supposedly at the request of the Saigon government, although it is later revealed that Menzies had asked the leadership in Saigon to send the request at the behest of the Americans.
- April 29 - Australia announces that it is sending an infantry battalion to support the South Vietnam government.

May-June


- May 1 - Bob (later Sir Robert) Askin replaces Jack Renshaw as Premier of New South Wales.
- May 2 - US president Johnson sends troops to the Dominican Republic.
- May 13 - West German court of appeals condemns behavior of ex-defense minister Franz Joseph Strauss during the Spiegel scandal.
- May 19 - Tui Malila, the oldest tortoise or living animal ever, dies of natural causes.
- May 29 - A mining accident in Dhambas, India kills 274.
- May 31 - Racing driver Jim Clark wins the Indianapolis 500, and later wins the Formula One world driving championship in the same year.
- June 2 - Vietnam War: The first contingent of Australian combat troops arrives in South Vietnam.
- June 3 - US astronaut Edward White makes first US space walk during Gemini IV.
- June 7 - A mining accident in Kakanji, Bosnia results in 128 deaths.
- June 10 - Vietnam War: Battle of Dong Xoai begins - About 1,500 Vietcong mount a mortar attack on Dong Xoai and then overrun its military headquarters and adjoining militia compound.
- June 19 - Houari Boumedienne's Revolutionary Council ousts Ahmed Ben Bella in a bloodless coup in Algeria.
- June 20 - Police in Algiers break up demonstrations by people who have taken to the streets chanting slogans in support of deposed President Ben Bella.
- June 22 - Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.
- June 24 - Freddie Mills, former British boxing champion, is found shot in his car in Soho.

July


- July 14 - US spacecraft Mariner 4 flies by Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to return images from the red planet
- July 16 - The Mont Blanc Tunnel is used for the first time
- July 22 - Sir Alec Douglas-Home suddenly resigns as a head of the British Conservative Party
- July 24 - Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are the targets of antiaircraft missiles in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other three sustain damage
- July 27 - Edward Heath becomes Leader of the British Conservative Party
- July 28 - Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000
- July 29 - Vietnam War: The first 4,000 101st Airborne Division paratroopers arrive in Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay
- July 30 - War on Poverty: US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid

August


- August 1 - Cigarette advertising banned in British television
- August 6 - US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into United States law
- August 7 - Singapore is expelled and separated from the Federation of Malaysia.
- August 9 - Singapore proclaims its independence from Malaysia
- August 9 - An explosion at a missile plant in Arkansas kills 53
- August 9 – Indonesian president Sukarno collapses in public
- August 11 - Watts Riots begin in Los Angeles, California
- August 13 - Jefferson Airplane debut at the Matrix in San Francisco, California and begin to appear there regularly.
- August 18 - Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins as 5,500 United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in Quang Ngai Province, in the first major American ground battle of the war. The Marines were tipped-off by a Viet Cong deserter who said that there was an attack planned against the US base at Chu Lai
- August 19 - At the Auschwitz trial in Frankfurt, 66 ex-SS personnel receive life sentences, 15 others smaller ones

September


- September 2 - Pakistani troops enter the Indian sector of Kashmir
- September 6 - Indian troops march on Lahore
- September 7 - China announces that it will reinforce its troops in the Indian border
- September 7 - Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula, 23 miles south of the Chu Lai Marine base
- September 8 - India opens two additional fronts against Pakistan
- September 9 - UN secretary general U Thant negotiates with Pakistani president Ayub Khan
- September 9 - U Thant recommends China for UN membership
- September 13 - Congress of Arab countries begins in Casablanca - Habib Bourgiba boycotts the meeting
- September 14 - Opening of fourth and final period of Second Vatican Council
- September 16 - China protests against Indian provocations in its border region
- September 16 - In Iraq, Prime Minister Razzak's attempted coup fails
- September 17 - Stefan Stafanopoulos forms a new government in Greece and ends a two-year old political crisis
- September 18 - China claims that US troops have used poison gas in South Vietnam
- September 18 - In Denmark, Palle Sörensen shoots four policemen in pursuit - apprehended the same day
- September 19 - Soviet prime minister Alexei Kosygin invites the leaders of India and Pakistan to meet in Soviet Union to negotiate
- September 20 - End of term for Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail as the 3rd Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
- September 21 - Commander of US troops in Vietnam, general William Westmoreland, pleads Washington to cancel the ban to use mustard gas
- September 21 - Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin III, Sultan of Terengganu becomes the 4th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
- September 22 - Radio Peking announces that Indian troops have dismantled their equipment on the Chinese side of the border
- September 24 - Fighting between Indian and Pakistani troops erupts again
- September 24 - British governor of Aden cancels the Aden constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate because of the bad security situation
- September 27 - Largest tanker ship at the time, Tokyo Maru, launched in Yokohama
- September 28 - Fidel Castro announces that everybody who wants can immigrate to USA
- September 28 - Taal Volcano in Luzon, Philippines, erupts - hundreds dead
- September 30 – Attempted communist coup in Indonesia. Indonesian army crushes it with the lead of general Suharto

October


- October 3 - Fidel Castro announces that Che Guevara has resigned and left the country
- October 4 - Prime minister Ian Smith of Rhodesia and Arthur Bottomley of British Commonwealth begin negotiations in London - they end on October 8 without results
- October 5 - Pakistan sever diplomatic relations with Malaysia because of the disagreement in UN
- October 5 - The Beatles are set to release their song 'Love Me Do' on Parlophone
- October 6 - Ian Brady and Myra Hindley, the Moors Murderers, arrested.
- October 8 - Indonesian army arrests and executes communists
- October 8 - Olympic Committee admits East Germany as a member
- October 8 - The Post Office Tower opens in London
- October 9 - Yale University presents the "Vinland map"
- October 9 - Brigade of South Korean soldiers arrive in South Vietnam
- October 10 - First group of Cuban refugees travels to USA
- October 12 - Per Borten forms a government in Norway
- October 12 - UN general council recommends that United Kingdom try everything to stop a rebellion in Rhodesia
- October 13 - President of Congo, Joseph Kasavubu, fires Prime Minister Moise Tsombe and forms a provisional government with Evariste Kimba in a lead
- October 15 - Vietnam War: The anti-war student-run National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam stages the first public burning of a draft card in the United States
- October 16 - Suharto takes power in Indonesia
- October 17 - NY World's Fair at Flushing Meadows, NY, closes. Due to financial losses, some of the projected improvements on the park on the site fail to materialize.
- October 18 - Indonesian government declares communist party illegal
- October 20 - Ludwig Erhard elected as Chancellor in West Germany
- October 21 - Ikeja-Seki comet
- October 21 - OAU meeting begins in Accra
- October 22 - French authors André Figueras and Jacques Laurent are fined for their comments against Charles De Gaulle
- October 22 - African countries demand that the United Kingdom use force to prevent Rhodesia from declaring unilateral independence
- October 24 - British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and Arthur Bottomley travel to Rhodesia for negotiations
- October 25 - Soviet Union declares its support of African countries in case Rhodesia unilaterally declares independence
- October 26
  - Anti-government demonstrations in the Dominican Republic
  - The body of Sylvia Likens discovered by authorities in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
- October 27 - Brazilian president Branco removes power of parliament, legal courts and opposition parties
- October 28 - French foreign minister Couve de Murville travels to Moscow
- October 28 - Pope Paul VI announces that ecumenical council has decided that Jews are not collectively responsible for the killing of Christ
- October 28 - In St. Louis, Missouri, the 630-foot-tall parabolic steel Gateway Arch is completed
- October 29 - Kidnapping of Mehdi Ben Barka
- October 30 - Vietnam War: Just miles from Da Nang, United States Marines repel an intense attack by wave after wave of Viet Cong forces, killing 56 guerrillas. Among the dead, a sketch of Marine positions was found on the body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.
- October 31 - Indonesian army announces that it is fighting with communist guerillas in Java

November


- November 2 - Republican John V. Lindsay elected mayor of New York City
- November 3 - Charles De Gaulle announces that he will stand in next presidential election
- November 5 - Martial law announced in Rhodesia. UN General Assembly accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary with a vote of 82-9.
- November 6 - Freedom Flights begin: Cuba and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States (by 1971 250,000 Cubans take advantage of this program).
- November 8 - The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands (on June 23, 1976 Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches were returned to Seychelles).
- November 9 - Northeast Blackout of 1965: Several U.S. states (VT, NH, MA, CT, RI, NY and portions of NJ) and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 1/2 hours.
- November 9 - Vietnam War: In New York City, 22-year old Catholic Worker Movement member Roger Allen LaPorte sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building in protest of the war in Vietnam (this was the second such incident in a week; on November 2 32-year-old Quaker member Norman Morrison did the same thing in front of The Pentagon)
- November 11 - In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white minority regime of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence
- November 12 - UN Security Council resolution (voted 10-0) recommends that other countries would not recognize independent Rhodesia
- November 13 - The SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 miles off Nassau with the loss of 90 lives.
- November 14 - Vietnam War: Battle of the Ia Drang begins - In the Ia Drang Valley of the Central Highlands in Vietnam, the first major engagement of the war between regular American and North Vietnamese forces begins
- November 15 - US racer Craig Breedlove sets a new land speed record of 600.601 mph
- November 16 - Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus (on March 1, 1966 it became the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet)
- November 16 - Disney launches Epcot Center
- November 20 - UN Security Council recommends that all states stop trading with Rhodesia
- November 23 - Soviet general Mikhail Kazakov becomes commander of Warsaw Pact
- November 24 - Queen Elizabeth of Belgium dies
- November 24 - Congolese lieutenant general Mobutu ousts Joseph Kasavubu and declares himself president
- November 26 - At the Hammaguira launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1 on board, becoming the third country to enter space.
- November 27 - Vietnam War: The Pentagon tells US President Lyndon B. Johnson that if planned major sweep operations needed to neutralize Viet Cong forces during the next year were to succeed, the number of American troops in Vietnam has to be increased from 120,000 to 400,000
- November 28 - Vietnam War: In response to US President Lyndon B. Johnson's call for "more flags" in Vietnam, Philippines President Elect Ferdinand Marcos announces he will send troops to help fight in South Vietnam.
- November 29 - Canadian satellite Alouette 2 is launched.

December


- December 1 - The Border Security Force is established in India as a special force to guard the borders.
- December 3 - First British aid flight arrive in Lusaka - Zambia has asked for British help against Rhodesia
- December 3 - Members of OAU decide to sever diplomatic relations with United Kingdom unless the British government ends rebellion of Rhodesia by mid-December
- December 5 – Charles De Gaulle re-elected as French president with 10,828,421 votes
- December 8 - Rhodesian prime minister warns that Rhodesia would resist trade embargo by neighboring countries with force
- December 8 - Closing of Second Vatican Council
- December 12 - In baseball, Roy Hofheinz fires manager Lum Harris (record of 65-97). Grady Hatton takes over the Astros.
- December 15 - Tanzania and Guinea sever diplomatic relations with United Kingdom
- December 15 - Gemini 6 and Gemini 7 perform the first controlled rendezvous in Earth orbit
- December 17 - British government begins oil embargo against Rhodesia - USA joins the effort
- December 21 - Soviet Unions announces that it has shipped rockets to North Vietnam
- December 21 - Soviet scientists condemn Trofim Lysenko
- December 21 - Konrad Adenauer resigns from the post of chairman of the Christian Democratic party
- December 22 - Military coup on Dahomey
- December 22 - 70 mph speed limit imposed on British roads
- December 27 - British oil platform Sea Gem collapses in the North Sea
- December 28 - Italian foreign minister Mintore Fanfani resigns
- December 30 - President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia announces that Zambia and United Kingdom have agreed to a deadline before which the Rhodesian white government should be ousted
- December 30 - Ferdinand Marcos becomes President of the Philippines

Unknown dates


- The Council for National Academic Awards is established in the UK
- TAT-4 cable goes into operation.
- Mont Blanc tunnel between France and Italy completed.
- Desteldonk becomes a part of Ghent (East Flanders, Flanders, Belgium)
- California City, California incorporated.

Births

January-February


- January 9 - Joely Richardson, British actress
- January 11 - Matthew Maxwell Taylor Kennedy, son of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy and nephew of U.S president John F Kennedy and Edward M Kennedy
- January 14 - Marc Delissen, Dutch field hockey player
- January 15 - Adam Jones, American musician (Tool)
- January 18 - Dave Attell, American comedian
- January 20 - Sophie, Countess of Wessex
- January 20 - John Michael Montgomery, American singer
- January 22 - DJ Jazzy Jeff, American rapper and actor
- January 22 - Diane Lane, American actress
- January 27 - Alan Cumming, Scottish actor
- January 29 - Dominik Hasek, Czech hockey player
- February 1 - Sherilyn Fenn, American actress
- February 1 - Brandon Lee, American actor (d. 1993)
- February 1 - Princess Stéphanie of Monaco
- February 11 - Stephen Gregory, American actor
- February 18 - Dr. Dre, American rapper and music producer
- February 22 - Scott Lowell, American actor
- February 23 - Michael Dell, American computer manufacturer

March-April


- March 1 - Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey
- March 4 - Gary Helms, American kick-boxer
- March 7 - Jesper Parnevik, Swedish golfer
- March 9 - Benito Santiago, baseball player
- March 10 - Rod Woodson, American football player
- March 11 - Lawrence Llewelyn-Bowen, British television presenter
- March 12 - Steve Finley, baseball player
- March 14 - Kevin Brown, baseball player
- March 24 - Mark Calaway, American professional wrestler
- March 25 - Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress
- March 25 - Stefka Kostadinova, Bulgarian high jumper and president of the Bulgarian olympic committee
- April 1 - Robert Steadman, English composer
- April 4 - Robert Downey Jr., American actor
- April 7 - Bill Bellamy, American actor and comedian
- April 15 - Linda Perry, American musician
- April 16 - Martin Lawrence, American actor, comedian, and producer
- April 21 - Ed Belfour, Canadian hockey player
- April 26 - Kevin James, American comedian and actor
- April 28 - Steven Blum, American voice actor

May-June


- May 7 - Owen Hart, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 1999)
- May 9 - Steve Yzerman, Canadian hockey player
- May 14 - Eoin Colfer, Irish writer
- May 16 - Krist Novoselic, American bassist (Nirvana)
- May 17 - Trent Reznor, American musician (Nine Inch Nails)
- May 28 - Chris Ballew, American musician
- May 31 - Brooke Shields, American actress
- June 1 - Nigel Short, English chess player
- June 4 - Mick Doohan, Australian motorcycle racer
- June 7 - Mick Foley, American professional wrestler and author
- June 10 - Elizabeth Hurley, English actress
- June 15 - Bernard Hopkins, American boxer
- June 16 - Charika Corea, Sri Lankan autism campaigner

July-August


- July 1 - Harald Zwart, Norwegian film director
- July 11 - Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kickboxer
- July 17 - Craig Morgan, American singer
- July 18 - Michael Sharrett, American actor
- July 19 - Stuart Scott, American sports reporter
- July 20 - Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver nephew of John F Kennedy and son of Sargent Shriver and Eunice Mary Kennedy
- July 21 - Guðni Bergsson, Icelandic footballer
- July 22 - Shawn Michaels, American professional wrestler
- July 23 - Slash, American musician, guitar ledgend, Guns N' Roses
- July 26 - Sandra Bullock, American actress
- July 28 - Lori Loughlin, American actress
- July 31 - J. K. Rowling, English author
- August 10 - Mike Smith, American jockey
- August 10 - John Starks, American basketball player
- August 14 - Emmanuelle Béart, French actress
- August 18 - Koji Kikkawa, Japanese singer
- August 24 - Reggie Miller, American basketball player
- August 28 - Shania Twain, American singer and songwriter

September-December


- September 2 - Lennox Lewis, British boxer
- September 11 - Moby, American musician
- September 21 - Cheryl Hines, American actress
- September 20 - Robert Rusler, American actor
- September 25 - Scottie Pippen, American basketball player
- October 1 - Andreas Keller, German field hockey player
- October 5 - Mario Lemieux, Canadian hockey player
- October 5 - Patrick Roy, Canadian hockey player
- Natural Disasters, terrorist attack, genocide, incurable disease, and war)
- Survivalism is an generic term for various pragmatic concepts that hold survival to be an ideological virtue or social value.
- Survivor, a reality TV show first produced in Sweden as "Expedition Robinson." Versions exist in America, the UK etc.
- Survivor is a rock band whose hits included "Eye of the Tiger".
- Survivor is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk.
- Survivor is also a novel by Laurence Janifer.
- There are several video games called Survivor.
- Survivor was the name given to a series of 'writing tournaments' originally modeled after the television series.
- Survivor is the last novella in Charles Stross' novel Accelerando.
- Survivor is an album and single by US R&B trio Destiny's Child The plural form, Survivors, may refer to
- Survivors of the Holocaust or another holocaust.
- A British apocalyptic science-fiction television series.
- An episode of the science-fiction television series Babylon 5.

Neleh Dennis

Neleh Dennis (born February 19 1980), pronounced nul-LEE-uh, was the runner-up in Survivor: Marquesas, the fourth season of the popular reality show. The season aired in Spring 2002. In the first part of the season, she was often nicknamed "Sweet Pea" because of her apparently innocent and ingratiating demeanor, but that nickname faded when it became apparent that she was playing the game with strategy and occasional ruthlessness. At times, she was also referred to as "The Princess."

Background

Dennis hails from Layton, Utah and is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Before filming "Survivor," she was a student at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah.

Survivor

Dennis was known for her alliance with Georgia judge Paschal English, the only contestant ever to be eliminated based on pure luck. She also famously used the phrase "Oh, my heck" numerous times on the show. Dennis was part of the most significant power shift in "Survivor" history up to that point when she joined Paschal, Kathy Vavrick-O'Brien, Sean Rector, and Vecepia Towery to overthrow the dominant "Rotu 4" alliance, led by John Carroll, in the eighth episode. Neleh was instrumental in the formation of this alliance, convincing English, who was strongly against the idea because of his initial distaste for Rector, to join against the "Rotu 4." Having thought they would have no hard feelings about it, since they had clearly revealed their plans to exclude her and Paschal, she was surprised at the backlash she faced from the overthrown alliance at the final. Dennis's 4-3 tribal council loss was the subject of some controversy because many fans believed that she played a better game than Towery, who won the tribal council vote. It is widely believed that Towery's win had much to do with the "Rotu 4", who sat on the jury, exacting payback against Dennis, one of their original tribemates. But it was largely also agreed that Neleh's performance before the jury was poor, and she had also lost popularity among some tribemates because of an incident following a reward challenge where Paschal won and invited her for the trip (instead of Vecepia, whose birthday was that very day). Upon their return, they explained that they weren't able to bring back food for the tribe, and Neleh offered them a half-chewed mint that had been in her mouth (which did not endear her to Sean). In addition to refusing to swear (an utterance of "sucks" during the final tribal council took everybody off-guard), Dennis also wore far less revealing clothing than other younger female contestants. At the time her season aired, she was the youngest-ever contestant up to that point. She was 21 at the time of filming. Dennis won the final immunity challenge, the first involving three women, and continued the trend of the final immunity winner losing the last tribal council vote (a trend broken by Brian Heidik in the following season). At the last tribal council, Neleh received the votes of Vavrick-O'Brien, English, and Zoe Zanadakis. Carroll, Robert DeCanio, Rector, and Tammy Leitner voted for Towery. Zanadakis "defected" from the Rotu 4, while Rector had a long-standing alliance with Towery.

After Survivor

Employment

Following her stint on Survivor, Neleh was employed briefly by KUTV, the CBS affiliate in Salt Lake City, as an entertainment reporter for the morning show. She left the show in the summer of 2003 upon her marriage to fellow Mormon Kris Nielsen. After her marriage and departure from the morning show, Neleh consciously withdrew from public life and tries to maintain a low profile to preserve her privacy. Dennis's last national television appearance was in a TLC documentary about the birth of Towery's child, in which Nielsen also appeared, along with Rector and other Marquesas contestants.

Controversies

Dennis was known to have been upset by the reporting of an alleged romance with fellow contestant Gabriel Cade on several "Survivor"-related websites. Dennis never confirmed a romance with Cade nor spoke publicly on the matter at all. Another minor controversy involved the revelation of John Carroll that two contestants had received a tatoo of a turtle with him after the show. Spoiler sites immediately insisted that the two Survivors in question were Neleh and Cade, which later fueled the rumors of the aforementioned romance. Dennis never confirmed nor denied receiving the tatoo, a practice also frowned upon by the Mormon religion.

Trivia

Neleh's first name is simply Helen spelled backwards. She is named after her grandmother. The "backwards" name led to some speculation on internet message boards that producer Mark Burnett was sending secret signals through various image reversals that Neleh would be the eventual winner.

External links


- [http://www.cbs.com/primetime/survivor4/survivors/bios/neleh.shtml CBS] - Profile of Neleh Dennis
- [http://nelehrocks.tripod.com/ Neleh Rocks fan site] - Contains links to several articles about Neleh Dennis. Dennis, Neleh Category:Survivor Dennis, Neleh Dennis, Neleh

Hypocrisy

---- Hypocrisy is the act of pretending to have morals or virtues that one does not truly possess or practice. The word derives from the late Latin hypocrisis and Greek hupokrisis both meaning play-acting or pretence. The word is arguably derived from hypo- meaning under, + krinein meaning to decide/to dispute. A classic example of a hypocritical act is to denounce another for carrying out some action while carrying out the same action oneself. The term hypocrisy is also commonly used in a way which should be more specifically termed a double standard, bias, or inconsistency. An example would be when one honestly believes that one group of individuals should be held to a different set of morals than another group. Hypocrisy also refers to the act of criticizing others for behavior which one engages in as well, or in other words, not practising what you preach. An example would be a parent who smokes, but admonishes their adolescent child not to smoke. Some people believe that most, if not all people are hypocrites since we constantly criticize what we deem to be bad behavior, even though most people do bad things at some point in their lives.

External links


- [http://www.hardcoretruth.com/Hypocrisy The Different Types of Hypocrites]
- [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07610a.htm Hypocrisy - The Catholic Encyclopedia]
- [http://bible-history.com/naves/H/HYPOCRISY/ Naves Topical Bible Index for Hypocrisy] Category:Sociology category:Pejorative terms for people ja:偽善

Survivor: Marquesas

frameSurvivor: Marquesas was the fourth installment of the popular United States reality show Survivor. It was filmed in 2001 and aired weekly from February 28 - May 19, 2002 on CBS. It was set on the island of Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas. The two initial tribes were Maraamu and Rotu. They were eventually merged into the Soliantu tribe. Thirteen episodes were aired, plus a mid-season recap and live interview with Rosie O'Donnell after the finale. The winner, Vecepia Towery, was revealed on May 19, 2002.

Contestants

Elimination notes


- Peter Harkey - Voted out by five members of Maraamu for never quite fitting in with the tribe, and his annoying conversation with the rest of the tribe about waste elimination.
- Patricia Jackson - Voted out in a close 4-3 Maraamu vote for being the perceived weaklink in the tribe, and for being bossy around camp.
- Hunter Ellis - "Boston Rob" conspired with three of his tribemates in order to vote Hunter out in a 4-2 vote in Maraamu's third straight tribal council.
- Sarah Jones - A tribal swap rewarded Gina with three allies while depriving Sarah of her entire alliance. Since she had not changed her ways, Sarah was voted out 4-1.
- Gabriel Cade - The original Rotu members planned to vote out new arrivals Boston Rob, Sean or Vecepia, but Gabriel refused to make any promises. Although he did ultimately vote for Rob, he left with a 7-1 vote.
- Gina Crews - the last original member of Maraamu, she was voted out by Kathy, Paschal and Neleh.
- Rob Mariano - although he attempted to stir up trouble by telling Kathy that Rotu wanted her out, he still left with a 7-2-1 vote.
- John Carroll - a coconut chop immunity challenge made Neleh and Pashcal listen to Kathy/Vee/Sean's pleas to band together. Carroll left with a 6-3 vote.
- Zoe Zanadakis - Tammy won immunity, and Zoe was seen as the next target. She left in a 7-1 vote.
- Tammy Leitner - Tammy was viewed as stronger than other alliance member Robert, due to her immunity wins (and because he had immunity). Voted out 5-2.
- Robert DeCanio - Robert was the last remaining member of his alliance, and left with a 5-1 vote.
- Sean Rector - Vecepia/Sean and Neleh/Paschal clashed, at times along racial lines. Kathy was the swing vote, and ultimately sided with Neleh and Paschal.
- Paschal English - Vecepia, the next target, won immunity, and a tie vote led to the Purple Rock. Paschal drew the rock, and even though he had never received a previous vote, he was eliminated.
- Kathy Vavrick-O'Brien - Neleh won immunity and Vecepia broke her final 2 deal with Kathy in order to take the more unpopular Neleh.
- Neleh Dennis - Neleh was raked over the coals for hypocrisy and piousness. She garnered the votes of Kathy, Zoe and Paschal.
- Vecepia Towery - Vecepia won thanks to the votes of John, Robert, Tammy and Sean. A notable moment in Survivor history was when the policy on a tie was revealed to have changed for this season. Previously, if a tie could not be broken after a revote, the person with the most past tribal council votes was voted out; if that still did not break the tie, the two people involved in the tie would face off in a sudden-death trivia contest, with the person who answered the least questions correctly losing, and being "voted off". In this season, a vote between the final four was tied between Neleh and Kathy, after some last-minute bartering with Vecepia (the immunity holder) by Kathy. After a consensus was unable to be reached, the three tribe members without immunity were asked to pull rocks out of a sack; two of them were regular-colored rocks, while one of them was purple. The person who pulled the purple rock was "voted out", which happened to be Paschal. Probst later revealed that Paschal's elimination was somewhat caused by lack of producer foresight. Normally, in the tiebreaker the two people who were tied on the voting would then become safe, while the others would draw rocks to determine an elimination. This works every time except when there are four people remaining, as one of the two who would draw rocks has immunity, and can't be eliminated. In Marquesas, the producers failed to account for this and thus Probst modified the tiebreaker on the spot, leading to Paschal's elimination. When the same situation arose in Survivor: Palau, the two contestants tied in the voting competed in a challenge to determine an elimination. Two of the contestants, Kathy Vavrick-O' Brien and "Boston Rob" Mariano were selected as contestants on Survivor All Stars. Kathy finished in eighth place, and Mariano was the runner-up, losing to his wife Amber Brkich.

External link


- [http://www.freewebs.com/survivormypad/ Survivor My Pad]
- [http://www.cbs.com/primetime/survivor4/ Official CBS website] Category:Marquesas Islands Category:Survivor

Category:1965 births

ko:분류:1965년 태어남 ja:Category:1965年生

Category:Reality show winners

Category for winners of competitive reality TV series. Category:Reality television participants

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